Cocoa Powder

1. Sustained benefits in vascular function through flavanol-containing cocoa in medicated diabetic patients a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial. Balzer J, Rassaf T, Heiss C, Kleinbongard P, Lauer T, Merx M, Heussen N, Gross HB, Keen CL, Schroeter H, Kelm M. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jun 3;51(22):2141- 9.


2. Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Hooper L, Kay C, Abdelhamid A, Kroon PA, Cohn JS, Rimm EB, Cassidy A. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Mar;95(3):740-51.

3. Cocoa, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Function. Sudano I, Flammer AJ, Roas S, Enseleit F, Ruschitzka F, Corti R, Noll G. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2012 Jun 9.

4. Effect of consumption of dark chocolate on oxidative stress in lipoproteins and platelets in women and in men. Nanetti L, Raffaelli F, Tranquilli AL, Fiorini R, Mazzanti L, Vignini A. Appetite. 2012 Feb;58(1):400-5.

5. Flavonoid-rich cocoa consumption affects multiple cardiovascular risk factors in a meta-analysis of short-term studies. Shrime MG, Bauer SR, McDonald AC, Chowdhury NH, Coltart CE, Ding EL. J Nutr. 2011 Nov;141(11):1982-8.

6. Alterations in skeletal muscle indicators of mitochondrial structure and biogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure: effects of epicatechin rich cocoa. Taub PR, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Ciaraldi TP, Perkins G, Murphy AN, Naviaux R, Hogan M, Maisel AS, Henry RR, Ceballos G, Villarreal F. Clin Transl Sci. 2012 Feb;5(1):43-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00357.x.

7. High-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate improves HDL cholesterol in Type 2 diabetes patients. Mellor DD, Sathyapalan T, Kilpatrick ES, Beckett S, Atkin SL. Diabet Med. 2010 Nov;27(11):1318-21.

8. Effect of cocoa/chocolate ingestion on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and its relevance to cardiovascular health and disease in humans. Monahan KD. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2012 Mar 7.

9. Low vs. higher-dose dark chocolate and blood pressure in cardiovascular high-risk patients. Desch S, Kobler D, Schmidt J, Sonnabend M, Adams V, Sareban M, Eitel I, Blüher M, Schuler G, Thiele H. Am J Hypertens. 2010 Jun;23(6):694-700.

Turmeric

10. Potential role of curcumin phytosome (Meriva) in controlling the evolution of diabetic microangiopathy. A pilot study. Appendino G, Belcaro G, Cornelli U, Luzzi R, Togni S, Dugall M, Cesarone MR, Feragalli B, Ippolito E, Errichi BM, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Ricci A, Bavera P, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M, Errichi S, Gizzi G. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):43-9.

11. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) volatile oil inhibits key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. Lekshmi PC, Arimboor R, Indulekha PS, Nirmala Menon A. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2012 Mar 5

12. Oral supplementation of turmeric attenuates proteinuria, transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-8 levels in patients with overt type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study.Khajehdehi P, Pakfetrat M, Javidnia K, Azad F, Malekmakan L, Nasab MH, Dehghanzadeh G. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2011 Nov;45(5):365-70

13. The protective role of curcumin in cardiovascular diseases. Wongcharoen W, Phrommintikul A. Int J Cardiol. 2009 Apr 3;133(2):145-51.

14. Molecular mechanism of curcumin on the suppression of cholesterol accumulation in macrophage foam cells and atherosclerosis. Zhao JF, Ching LC, Huang YC, Chen CY, Chiang AN, Kou YR, Shyue SK, Lee TS. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 May;56(5):691-701.

15. An evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities of essential oil from Curcuma longa. L. Liju VB, Jeena K, Kuttan R.Indian J Pharmacol. 2011 Sep;43(5):526-31.

16. Curcumin protects from cardiac reperfusion damage by attenuation of oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. González-Salazar A, Molina-Jijón E, Correa F, Zarco-Márquez G, Calderón-Oliver M, Tapia E, Zazueta C, Pedraza- Chaverri J.Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2011 Dec;11(4):357-64.



Vitamin D

17. Serum 25(OH)D and Type 2 Diabetes Association in a General Population: A prospective study. Husemoen LL, Thuesen BH, Fenger M, Jørgensen T, Glümer C, Svensson J, Ovesen L, Witte DR, Linneberg A. Diabetes Care. 2012 Jun 11.

18. Vitamin D status, incident diabetes and prospective changes in glucose metabolism in older subjects: The Hoorn study. Pilz S, van den Hurk K, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Van't Riet E, Kienreich K, Tomaschitz A, Dekker JM. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012 Jun 5.

19. Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation and relation to cardiovascular health. Vacek JL, Vanga SR, Good M, Lai SM, Lakkireddy D, Howard PA. Am J Cardiol. 2012 Feb 1;109(3):359-63.

20. Vitamin D and Stroke: Promise for Prevention and Better Outcome. Makariou SE, Michel P, Tzoufi MS, Challa A, Milionis HJ. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2012 Jun 22.

21. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease. Danik JS, Manson JE. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2012 Jun 12.

22. Daily consumption of vitamin D- or vitamin D + calcium-fortified yogurt drink improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Nikooyeh B, Neyestani TR, Farvid M, Alavi-Majd H, Houshiarrad A, Kalayi A, Shariatzadeh N, Gharavi A, Heravifard S, Tayebinejad N, Salekzamani S, Zahedirad M. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Apr;93(4):764-71.

Omega- 3 Fish Oil

23. Omega-3 fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Diana P Brostow, Andrew O Odegaard, Woon-Puay Koh, Sue Duval, Myron D Gross, Jian-Min Yuan, and Mark A Pereira AJCN 2011 May 18. 24. Plasma omega-3 fatty acids and incident diabetes in older adults. Luc Djoussé, Mary L Biggs, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Irena B King, Xiaoling Song, Joachim H Ix, Kenneth J Mukamal, David S Siscovick, and Dariush Mozaffarian AJCN 2011 May 18

25. DHA derivatives of fish oil as dietary supplements: a nutrition-based drug discovery approach for therapies to prevent metabolic cardiotoxicity. Ma Y, Lindsey ML, Halade GV. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2012 Jun 24.

26. Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation in healthy middle-aged and older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Andridge R, Malarkey WB, Hwang BS, Glaser R. Brain Behav Immun. 2012 May 26.

27. Fish oil supplementation & coronary artery disease: does it help? Kar S, Webel R. Mo Med. 2012 Mar-Apr;109(2):142-5.

Magnesium

28. Oral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects - a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Mooren FC, Krüger K, Völker K, Golf SW, Wadepuhl M, Kraus A. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Mar;13(3):281-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01332.x.

29. Correlation of magnesium intake with metabolic parameters, depression and physical activity in elderly type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study. Huang JH, Lu YF, Cheng FC, Lee JN, Tsai LC. Nutr J. 2012 Jun 13;11(1):41.

30. Low serum magnesium concentrations are associated with a high prevalence of premature ventricular complexes in obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Del Gobbo LC, Song Y, Poirier P, Dewailly E, Elin RJ, Egeland GM. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012 Mar 9;11:23.

31. Suboptimal magnesium status in the United States: are the health consequences underestimated? Rosanoff A, Weaver CM, Rude RK. Nutr Rev. 2012 Mar;70(3):153-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00465.x. 32. Serum magnesium and C-reactive protein levels. Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F. Arch Dis Child. 2008 Aug;93(8):676-80.

L-Arginine

33. Effect of a long-term oral l-arginine supplementation on glucose metabolism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Monti LD, Setola E, Lucotti PC, Marrocco-Trischitta MM, Comola M, Galluccio E, Poggi A, Mammì S, Catapano AL, Comi G, Chiesa R, Bosi E, Piatti PM. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012 May 4.

34. Regulatory roles for L-arginine in reducing white adipose tissue. Tan B, Li X, Yin Y, Wu Z, Liu C, Tekwe CD, Wu G. Front Biosci. 2012 Jun 1;17:2237-46.

35. Oral L-arginine supplementation improves endothelial function and ameliorates insulin sensitivity and inflammation in cardiopathic nondiabetic patients after an aortocoronary bypass. Lucotti P, Monti L, Setola E, La Canna G, Castiglioni A, Rossodivita A, Pala MG, Formica F, Paolini G, Catapano AL, Bosi E, Alfieri O, Piatti P. Metabolism. 2009 Sep;58(9):1270-6.

Alpha-Lipoic Acid

36. Glycemic and oxidative status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus following oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Porasuphatana S, Suddee S, Nartnampong A, Konsil J, Harnwong B, Santaweesuk A. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012

37. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on blood glucose, insulin resistance and glutathione peroxidase of type 2 diabetic patients. Ansar H, Mazloom Z, Kazemi F, Hejazi N. Saudi Med J. 2011 Jun;32(6):584-8.

38. α-lipoic acid can improve endothelial dysfunction in subjects with impaired fasting glucose. Xiang G, Pu J, Yue L, Hou J, Sun H. Metabolism. 2011 Apr;60(4):480-5.

39. Alpha-lipoic acid improves vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Heinisch BB, Francesconi M, Mittermayer F, Schaller G, Gouya G, Wolzt M, Pleiner J. Eur J Clin Invest. 2010 Feb;40(2):148-54.

40. Improvement of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid. Kamenova P. Hormones (Athens). 2006 Oct-Dec;5(4):251-8.

41. Effects of 3-month treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Negri?anu G, Ro?u M, Bolte B, Lefter D, Dabelea D. Rom J Intern Med. 1999 Jul-Sep;37(3):297-306.

42. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of autonomic diabetic neuropathy (controlled, randomized, open-label study). Tankova T, Koev D, Dakovska L. Rom J Intern Med. 2004;42(2):457-64.

Cinnamon

43. Effects of a cinnamon extract on plasma glucose, HbA, and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus type 2. Mang B, Wolters M, Schmitt B, Kelb K, Lichtinghagen R, Stichtenoth DO, Hahn A. Eur J Clin Invest. 2006 May;36(5):340-4.

44. Effectiveness of cinnamon for lowering hemoglobin A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. Crawford P. J Am Board Fam Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;22(5):507-12.

45. Cinnamon in glycaemic control: Systematic review and meta analysis. Akilen R, Tsiami A, Devendra D, Robinson N. Clin Nutr. 2012 May 12.

46. Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) on blood glucose and lipids in a diabetic and healthy rat model. Ranasinghe P, Perera S, Gunatilake M, Abeywardene E, Gunapala N, Premakumara S, Perera K, Lokuhetty D, Katulanda P. Pharmacognosy Res. 2012 Apr;4(2):73-9.

47. Cinnamon intake lowers fasting blood glucose: meta-analysis. Davis PA, Yokoyama W. J Med Food. 2011 Sep;14(9):884-9.

48. Glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure-lowering effect of cinnamon in multi-ethnic Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Akilen R, Tsiami A, Devendra D, Robinson N.Diabet Med. 2010 Oct;27(10):1159-67.

Chromium

49. Effect of chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation on circulating levels of insulin, TNF-α, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic subjects: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Jain SK, Kahlon G, Moorehead L, Dhawan R, Lieblong B, Stapleton T, Caldito G, Hoeldtke R, Levine SN, Bass PF 3rd. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Jun 6.

50. Chromium Picolinate Modulates Serotonergic Properties and Carbohydrate Metabolism in a Rat Model of Diabetes. Komorowski JR, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Juturu V, Orhan C, Ulas M, Sahin K. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2012 Mar 22.

51. Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Martin J, Wang ZQ, Zhang XH, Wachtel D, Volaufova J, Matthews DE, Cefalu WT. Diabetes Care. 2006 Aug;29(8):1826-32.

52. The effect of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation on glycemic control in poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo- controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial. Singer GM, Geohas J. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2006 Dec;8(6):636-43.

Creatine

53. Creatine in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gualano B, DE Salles Painneli V, Roschel H, Artioli GG, Neves M Jr, De Sá Pinto AL, Da Silva ME, Cunha MR, Otaduy MC, Leite Cda C, Ferreira JC, Pereira RM, Brum PC, Bonfá E, Lancha AH Jr. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 May;43(5):770-8.

54. Exercise-induced muscle damage is reduced in resistance-trained males by branched chain amino acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Howatson G, Hoad M, Goodall S, Tallent J, Bell PG, French DN. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 May 8;9(1):20.

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